Detection of seven phytohormones in peanut tissues by ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Development of highly sensitive and reliable method for detection of phytohormones is of great significance to study plant hormones and agricultural production.In this study,an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method was established for separation and quantification of trans-zeatin,trans-zeatin riboside,gibberellin A_3,indol-3-acetic acid,salicylic acid,abscisic acid,and jasmonic acid(JA) without any label.The sepa ration was performed on an Agilent Explus Plus C18 column by using methanol and water as mobile phases with gradient elution.The target compounds were confirmed and quantified by mass spectrum via positive electrospray ionization for trans-zeatin,transzeatin riboside,indole-3-acetic acid,and via negative electrospray ionization for gibberellin3,salicylic acid,abscisic acid,and JA.The limits of detection ranged from 0.0127 ng L~(-1) for gibberellin A_3(GA_3) to 33.26 ng L~(-1) for JA and were lower than the currently reported values in literature.The proposed method was applied for qualitative and quantitative analyses of phytohormones in peanut gynophores and pods.The recoveries of the spiked phytohormones ranged from 80.20 to102.56%.The contents of seven endogenous hormones varied specifically in different development stages of peanuts.This study provides a highly sensitive and selective detection method for hormones and elucidates the growth and development of the gynophore and peanut fruit,which are controlled by seven endogenous hormones.     

不同浓度NAA/6BA配比对不同品种甘薯茎尖培养特性的影响

为明确不同品种甘薯茎尖培养的最佳NAA/6BA配比,设置0.1 mg/L/2.5 mg/L、0.2 mg/L/2.5 mg/L、0.2 mg/L/1.0 mg/L 3组NAA/6BA浓度配比处理,观测不同浓度激素处理对‘北京553’、‘红香蕉’、‘苏薯8号’、‘烟薯25’、‘安吉芋’、‘济徐23’、‘渝紫7号’、‘商薯19’茎尖培养成苗率、愈伤组织直径、不定根数目、叶片数和植株高度的影响,同时调查不同品种试管苗的移栽成活率。结果表明,‘红香蕉’、‘济徐23’、‘渝紫7号’、‘商薯19’在0.1 mg/L/2.5 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高;‘安吉芋’在0.2 mg/L/2.5 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高;‘苏薯8号’、‘北京553’、‘烟薯25’在0.2 mg/L/1.0 mg/L的处理下培养效率最高。因此,在甘薯茎尖培养过程中,不同甘薯品种适宜的NAA/6BA配比存在显著差异,在实际生产中应根据品种特性来进行调整激素的用量和比例。     

玉米粉中伏马毒素FB1基体标准物质的评价

为填补我国在伏马毒素基体标准物质的空白,本试验研制了以玉米粉为基体的伏马毒素FB1标准物质,玉米样品经过筛、加标、冷冻干燥、磨粉、混匀、密封分装后,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法检验样品的均匀性、稳定性,幵联合多家实验室对玉米粉中伏马毒素FB1含量定值,同时分析样品的不确定度。样品均匀性经斱差分析法表明F值为1.42,小于临界值F_(0.05),且伏马毒素FB1含量在觃定时间6个月内无明显变化。结果表明,均匀性与稳定性均符合标准物质的要求。样品定值为1475.56μg kg~(–1),不确定度为169.98μg kg~(–1)。该标准物质可替代进口标准物质,用于伏马毒素检测过程中的仪器校准、实验室质量控制和操作人员的水平考核等。     

我国居民肉类消费特征及趋势判断——基于双对数线性支出模型和LA/AIDS模型

为分析我国城乡居民肉类消费水平及其结构特征,判断居民肉类消费的未来趋势,基于FAO和统计年鉴等相关统计数据,运用双对数线性支出模型和LA/AIDS模型(Linear approximated/Almost ideal deal demand system模型),测算我国及城乡居民肉类消费需求的价格弹性和收入弹性。结果显示我国居民肉类消费量不断增加,且城乡居民肉类消费差距逐步缩小。居民对牛羊肉需求的收入弹性最大,禽肉次之,猪肉最小。其中,农村居民对各项肉类消费需求的收入弹性均显著高于城镇。我国居民的牛羊肉需求对自身价格及其他肉类价格变动较敏感,猪肉需求对自身价格与其他肉类价格变动敏感度较低。由此推断,未来我国居民对牛羊肉消费将呈波动增长态势,而对猪肉的消费呈缓慢增长,但消费量趋于稳定。     

CRISPR/cas系统及其在家禽上的应用研究进展

CRISPR/cas是一种获得性免疫防御系统,广泛存在于细菌和古细菌中。Strep tococcus pyogenes cas9(Spcas9)作为目前研究最多、最清楚的效应蛋白,因其酶活性高和靶点广而被应用于生命科学各个领域,但Spcas9分子量大、脱靶率高等缺点在一定程度上限制了其应用。随着CRISPR系统技术被深入开发,一些新效应蛋白被发现,本文就CRISPR/cas系统分类、原理、新效应蛋白发现及cas9(S.Pyogenes)多种变构体技术开发在及家禽上的应用进行综述,为相关领域的研究提供参考。     

Zerumbone attenuates MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibition of oxidative stress

AIM: To investigate the role of zerumbone (ZER) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and the protective effect of ZER against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) was knocked-down by using PARK7-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The protein levels of PARK7, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: MMP⁺ remarkably reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The SH-SY5Y cell injury model was established by treatment with MPP⁺ at 600 μmol/L for 24 h. ZER up-regulated the protein levels of PARK7 and Nrf2 (P<0.05), alleviated apoptosis (P<0.05), and reduced ROS production (P<0.05) in the SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had the similar functions. Moreover, significant reductions in the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P<0.05), and obvious increases in apoptosis (P<0.05) and ROS level (P<0.05) were demonstrated in PARK7-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION: ZER protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxi-city, which may be related to activation of PARK7/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.     

基于YOLO v3与图结构模型的群养猪只头尾辨别方法

在利用视频监控技术对群养猪只进行自动行为监测时,对猪只准确定位并辨别其头尾位置对提高监测水平至关重要,基于此提出一种基于YOLO v3(You only look once v3)模型与图结构模型(Pictorial structure models)的猪只头尾辨别方法。首先,利用基于深度卷积神经网络的YOLO v3目标检测模型,训练猪只整体及其头部和尾部3类目标的检测器,从而在输入图像中获得猪只整体及头尾部所有的检测结果;然后,引入图结构模型,描述猪只的头尾结构特征,对每个猪只整体检测矩形框内的头尾部位组合计算匹配得分,选择最优的部位组合方式;对部分部位漏检的情况,采取阈值分割与前景椭圆拟合的方法,根据椭圆长轴推理出缺失部位。在实际猪场环境下,通过俯拍获得猪舍监控视频,建立了图像数据集,并进行了检测实验。实验结果表明,与直接利用YOLO v3模型相比,本文方法对头尾定位的精确率和召回率均有一定提高。本文方法对猪只头尾辨别精确率达到96.22%,与其他方法相比具有明显优势。     

马铃薯AP2/ERF转录因子的克隆及植物表达载体构建

AP2/ERF基因家族转录因子普遍存在于植物中,参与植物体内的各种生物学过程,包括植物的生长发育、生物和非生物胁迫响应等。前期转录组测序的结果发现马铃薯‘加湘1号’一个AP2/ERF家族基因(PGSC0003DMG400012154)在接种晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)24 h后被显著激活。从接种P.infestans 24 h的‘加湘1号’的总RNA中通过RT-PCR获得了该基因CDS序列为885 bp,BLAST分析显示该基因编码一个295个氨基酸残基的蛋白,并且含有1个AP2/ERF结构域,是AP2/ERF转录因子家族中的ERF亚家族的一员。本研究将该基因与XcmⅠ酶切的表达载体pCXSN连接,转化大肠杆菌,通过测序挑选插入正确克隆酶切验证,并成功转化农杆菌。本研究结果为进一步研究该基因的功能提供了帮助。     

基于GIS与RS的北方防沙屏障带生态系统格局演变

研究北方防沙屏障带生态系统格局演变特征,对加强屏障带建设、改善生态环境具有重要意义。以北方防沙屏障带为研究区,根据2005、2010、2015年MODIS遥感影像,将北方防沙屏障带生态系统类型划分为森林、草地、湿地、农田、城镇、荒漠和裸地7类。采用空间统计、转移矩阵、景观指数分析法、PNTIL模型等方法,对北方防沙屏障带2005—2015年生态系统类型时空演变特征进行分析。结果表明,2005—2015年北方防沙屏障带生态系统整体呈稳定状态;从分屏障带看,内蒙古防沙屏障带荒漠面积明显减少,塔里木防沙屏障带森林面积迅速增加,而河西走廊防沙屏障带草地面积明显增加;从正/逆转换方向来看,屏障带内农田、城镇、荒漠及裸地生态系统正向转换率高于逆向转换率。10年间,在景观水平上,北方防沙屏障带斑块数量、斑块密度呈减少趋势;在类型水平上荒漠景观整体呈现破碎化萎缩的趋势特征,森林、草地向形状简单化的方向发展。研究表明,2005—2015年,北方防沙屏障带生态总体向好,治沙效果明显,但局部仍面临较大压力。     

Notch1 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in renal tissues of diabetic mice by inhibiting autophagy through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

AIM: To observe the changes of Notch1 expression and autophagy in the renal tissues of diabetic mice, and to explore the regulatory effect of Notch1 on tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting autophagy in diabetic nephro-pathy. METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into normal control group (db/m mice) and diabetes group (db/db mice), with 8 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of feeding, the mice were sacrificed and the corresponding biochemical indexes were measured. The protein expression of Notch1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of Notch1, PTEN, p-Akt (Thr308), Akt, p-mTOR (Ser2448), mTOR, LC3, P62, collagen type Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and collagen type Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the db/m mice, the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, triglyceride and total cholesterol were increased in the db/db mice (P<0.01). Renal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration, renal tubular expansion and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in db/db mouse renal tissues with HE staining were observed. The images of Masson staining showed collagenous fiber-like substance deposition in the glomerular capillaries and renal interstitium, and disarrangement of tubular structure in the renal tissues of db/db mice. The protein expression levels of PTEN and LC3-Ⅱ were decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the protein levels of Notch1, P62, p-mTOR (Ser2448), p-Akt (Thr308), Col-I and Col-III were increased in the db/db mice as compared with the db/m mice (P<0.01). However, no significant change of total mTOR and Akt proteins between the 2 groups was found. CONCLUSION: Notch1 protein expression was increased, PTEN expression was significantly reduced, Akt/mTOR pathway was activated, autophagy was inhibited, and fibrosis was aggravated in the renal tissues of the diabetic mice.